明清时期与亲属称谓有关的敬谦语

The Terms of Respect and Modesty Including the Relatives Address in Ming and Qing

敬谦语既包括含有敬谦基义或陪义的基本固定的语汇(语素、词、短语、小句),也包括语用中的敬谦形式和手段(或俗约性的,或临时性的)。基于这样的定义,与亲属称谓有关的敬谦语包括亲属敬谦称、拟亲属敬谦称和泛亲属敬谦手段三类,前二类是语汇层面的敬谦称,后一类是语用中表达敬谦的手段。

The terms of respect and modesty including the characteristic vocabulary of respect and modesty（at the level of morpheme,word,phrase and clause） and the methods employed to show respect and modesty（from the aspect of the common run of mankind or provision）.The address terms of respect and modesty consists of relative address of respect and modesty,the close kinsfolk address of respect and modesty,and the general-relative means.The first one and the second one are inherent in the static state context,while the third one is only one of the means to show respect and modesty in language usage.