1952～2008年乐山市百日咳流行特征变迁趋势研究

目的探讨乐山市百日咳流行规律与变迁趋势,为制订防制对策提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法和卡方检验方法,用SPSS12.0软件完成。结果开展计划免疫后百日咳发病率下降了92.62%,死亡率下降了92.85%,流行周期消失。1979～1990年与1991～2008年比较发病年龄呈后移趋势(x2=18.975,P<0.000),男性发病构成呈上升趋势(x2=7.291,P<0.01),发病职业学生呈上升趋势(x2=38.657,P<0.000),发病季节呈4～6月集中分布趋势(x2=111.93,P<0.000)。结论乐山市百日咳发病率已下降到历史较低水平,但少、边区县局部流行时有发生,完善冷链设备,提高疫苗接种质量,加强病例监测和传染源管理以及人群免疫水平监测,是防止百日咳再现的重要策略。

Objective The study was designed to understand the epidemiological features of chincough and explore strategies for the prevention and treatment of the epidemic in Leshan.Methods Use the methods of descriptive epidemiology and chi—square test with the help of SPSS12.0 software package. Results With the carrying out of immunity plan,the incidence rate of Chincough has decreased by 92.62%.the death rate 92.85%,and the epidemic periods have been disappeared.By comparison with 1979～1990 and 1991～2008,the incidence age of Chincough turns out to be reprocessed（x2=18.975,P0.000）,the male incidence of Chincough turns out to be increased（x2=7.291,P0.01）,the incidence of professional student turns out to be increased（x2=38.657,P0.000）and the incidence season turns out to be gathered around from April to June（x2=111.93.P0.000）.Conclusion The incidence rate of Chincough has decreased to be the lowest rate of history.but part of the remote ethnic minority area still occurs from time to time.The most important strategy to prevent the Chincough occuring again is to improve cold chain equipment and the quality of vaccine inoculation,to enhance the monitoring of disease cases and immunity levels of the public.