中国的自然保护

NATURE CONSERVATION IN CHINA

1.中国自然保护的发展经历了四个阶段:第一阶段的特点是生物多样性逐渐受到影响,很多物种的分布区范围缩小;社会经济发展使这些情况在第二、三阶段更为加剧;第四阶段出于社会公众的觉醒,才逐渐认识到自然环境的整体性概念在社会经济发展中的重要性。 2.1979—1988年己颁布了18项有关自然保护的法律和条例,但实施中尚存在问题。 3.已公布的保护植物物种为148种(1980年),脊椎动物种为379种(1989年)。 4.迄至1987年,全国共载录有481处自然保护区,总面积约为23×10~6公顷,约占我国国土陆地面积的2.5％。 5.城市自然保护的重要性也开始逐渐受到注意,城市自然保护具有多种功能,不仅要保护和恢复城市地区生态系统的负载力及调节机制,而且对于一般环境质量改善,防止污染,教育以及群众娱乐休养都具有重要作用。

(1) Four phases in the history of nature conservation in China are recognized; in the first phase, there was a gradual loss of biotic diversity and reduction in distributional range of many species; development accelerated these processes in the Second and third phases, but public awareness has led to the integration of environmental concepts in development during the fourth phase.(2) Eighteen laws were promulgated between 1979 and 1988, but enforcement remains problematical.(3) The number of species protected has increased to 148 plants (by 1980) and 379 vertebrates (by 1989).(4) By 1987, there were 481 renature reserves, with a total area of c.23 × 106 ha, 2.5% of the land area of China.(5) Urban nature conservation is becoming increasingly important. It has multiple objectives, relating not only to the preservation or rehabilitation of the carrying capacity and biological mechanisms of ecosystems, but also to general environmental quality, pollution prevetion, education and public recreation.