微生物和蚯蚓的协同作用对土壤肥力影响的研究

EFFECTS OF MICROORGANISMS IN SYNCHRONIZATION WITH EARTHWORMS ON THE FERTILITIES OF SOIL

本文研究了原来土壤、蚯蚓消化道内含物和蚯蚓粪便中微生物种类,数量的动态变化;比较测定了蚓粪和原土壤几种重要的土壤酶的活性变化以及土壤的几种肥力指标的变化。 研究结果表明:不同的有机物质含量的土壤在通过蚯蚓消化道时,微生物的数量和种类总是趋于减少;氨化细菌,磷细菌和好气性纤维素分解菌的数量也减少;在蚯蚓粪便中,细菌数量、氨化细菌、磷细菌和好气性以及厌气性纤维素分解菌的数量有明显的增加;放线菌和真菌总数未增加,甚至稍有减少,蚯蚓粪便比原土壤的过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性有所增加;土壤的全氮、速效氮、速效磷和腐殖质含量有明显的增加。蚯蚓粪便中土壤肥力有明显的增加。

The dynamics of microbial variety and quantity were comparatively studied in the original soil with that in the gut-contents of earthworms and the casts. The respiratory intensity, the activity of several soil enzymes and the soil fertilities were also comparatively determined in the original soil with those in the casts.The results indi-caties that the genera or groups and the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and gungi in the three samples were decreased during the passage through earthworm gut. The number of ammonifiers,phopholytic bacteria,aerobic cellulolytic bacteiia and anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria were also decreased in the gut-contents. The total number of bacteria and the number of ammonifiers, phospholytic bactera, aerobic cellulolytic bacteria and anaeiobic cellulytic bacteria in the casts were increased compared with in original soil and the gut-contents. They reached maximum on about the third day of the cast age. However, the number of actinomycetes and fungi did not either increased or deciea-Sed. The intensity of respiration and activity of catalase and proteinase were higher in the cast than in the original soil. In the soil affected by synchronization of microorganisms with earthworm, the fetililies were increased, including the amount of total nitrogen, available phophorus and humus. It was obvious that the synchronous effect of microbes and earthworm resulted in increasing soil fertility.