中国企业出口行为与生产率关系的历史回溯:2001—2007

Review of the Relationship between the Export Behavior and Productivity in Chinese Enterprises:2001—2007

中国2001—2007年227家上市公司样本的生产率测算结果,以及中国企业出口的自我选择效应和出口学习效应测算结果显示,企业生产率在即将出口和不出口企业之间没有显著性差异,即将出口的企业生产率没有明显高于不出口企业,从而说明中国企业的自我选择效应并不存在,而且出口因素对企业出口溢值的影响显著。同时,出口企业与非出口企业的生产率增长差异较显著,由此验证了企业出口学习效应的存在。且所有制因素对出口企业与非出口企业生产率增长均无较大的影响,由此说明我国企业支持出口学习效应而不支持自我选择效应。因此,对以往中国企业通过出口行为获得学习效应的总结能为更好地推进我国企业国际化提供强有力的理论支持。

Based on the measurements of 227 Chinese listed companies＇ productivity during the period 2001—2007,and of the self-selection effect and learning-by-exporting effect in Chinese export enterprises,we find no significant differences in productivity between would-be exporting enterprises and non-exporting ones. The productivity in would-be exporting enterprises is not apparently higher than non-exporting enterprises,which indicates the absence of the self-selection effect and proves the significant influence of the export factor on enterprises＇ export overflow. At the same time,the differences in productivity growth are obvious,which indicates the presence of the learning-by-exporting effect. The ownership factor has no significant influence on the productivity growth of both kinds of enterprises,which shows that Chinese enterprises benefit from the learning-by-exporting effect rather than the self-selection effect. The study of Chinese companies＇ prior learning-by-exporting effect will provide strong theoretical support for their further internationalization.