贸易模式转变与劳动收入份额下降——基于中国工业分行业的实证研究

Change of Trade Mode and Decrease of Labor Share:Empirical Evidences from China's Industrial Sector

对劳动收入份额进行工业行业的分解可以发现,产业结构变动是近年来劳动收入份额下降的原因之一。同时,研究表明,技术进步和国有垄断力量下降会使劳动收入份额下降,分段回归表明,贸易模式的转变是劳动收入份额下降的主因。进出口高度相关的珠三角加工贸易时代,进口渗透率促进劳动收入份额上升;出口型加工贸易的长三角时代,进口渗透率与劳动收入份额同时下降,这是企业降低原料和劳动成本的结果。因此,进口渗透率在不同阶段作用机理不同。

Since 1978,labor income share in China has declined rapidly with drastic economic growth rate. This paper decomposes the labor income share in the industrial sector and finds that the movement of the industrial structure is part of the reason for the declining labor income share. We also analyze the effects of trade,technology progress and state-owned monopoly power by using the production cost model. It indicates that technology upgrading and decrease of monopoly power will impose a decrease on labor income share. Ceteris paribus,the coefficient of import penetration rate in the trade variables is positive and significant. Regression in different stages shows that the change of trade mode is the main reason for the declining labor income share. In the time of import-export related processing trade in the Pearl River Delta,import penetration rates promote labor demand and thus raise the labor income share. While in the time of import-oriented processing trade in the Yangtze River Delta,the simultaneous decline of import penetration rate and labor income share is the result of lowering raw material and labor cost from profit maximizing enterprises. Therefore,import penetration has different mechanisms on labor income share in different stages.