明代礼乐制度与乐章体词曲

The Relationship between Ci,Sanqu and the Ritual System in the Ming Dynasty

明初朱元璋的乐制改革以重定乐章为重点,在强调乐章文辞政教功用的同时,忽视了乐律的重要性,无意雅俗之辨,此趋势在永乐、嘉靖两个时期有进一步发展。这一倾向使得词曲类俗文学文体登堂入室,与宴乐制度结合,逐步渗入朝廷的乐章创作之中,严重影响了礼乐的严肃性。但从文学史的角度来看,这一文学现象在一定程度上促进了明前期散曲地位的尊化与格调的雅化,并对明代的演剧风尚产生了深远影响,而且馆阁背景下的功能化文学模式的推广也成为明词衰落的重要原因之一。

The innovation in the system of rites and music in early Ming Dynasty focused on the revision of the Language. By emphasizing the political and religious functions of the Language,Emperor Zhu ignored the importance of music and the difference between refined and popular music. This tendency was further developed in Yongle and Jiajing periods. Combined with the system of Yanyue—a branch of rites and music,the style of popular literature like Ci and Qu gradually infiltrated into and greatly weakened the seriousness of the Language composition of rites and music. But from the perspective of literary history,this literary phenomenon improved the status and elegance of Sanqu,and had a profound impact on the performing style of drama in Ming Dynasty. Moreover,the popularity of the functional literary model with a background in the imperial academy system is a significant cause of the decay of Ci in the Ming Dynasty.