厦门港潮间带蛇尾类动物群落生态的研究

COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF OPHIUROID ANIMAL ON INTERTIDAL ZONE IN XIAMEN HARBOUR

厦门港潮间带蛇尾类有12种,聿属3目5科属。泥滩、沙泥滩的优势种是洼颚倍棘蛇尾(Amphi-oplus depressus)和印痕倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus impressus);沙滩优势种是滩栖滩阳逐足(Amphi-ura vadicold);岩石滩优势种是中华蜓蛇尾(Ophion er eis dubia sin ensis)。潮间 带四种底质的蛇尾类数量大小依次是:泥滩、沙泥滩、岩石滩和沙滩。各底质之间群落种类组成的相似系数均小于50％。群落的多样性分析表明:岩石滩的蛇尾类比其它底质的蛇尾类更为多样化,各种的个体数差较小,种类丰度较高。 厦门港潮间带高潮带无蛇尾类分布。泥滩中潮带第二层(Ⅱ2)蛇尾类密度较其它层高,沙泥滩、沙滩蛇尾类密度从中潮带第一层(Ⅱ1)至低潮带第一层(Ⅲ1)逐渐增高;岩石滩在中潮带第三层(Ⅱ3)以下才有蛇尾类分布。 泥滩蛇尾类有季节交替现象。洼颚倍棘蛇尾有春、夏、秋为优势种、冬季几乎消失,被印痕倍棘蛇尾取而代之。沙滩蛇尾类在夏、秋季数量为零。沙泥滩和岩石滩的蛇尾类没有明显的季节交替,它们的群落在时间变化上较稳定。 洼颚倍棘蛇尾和印痕倍棘蛇尾的分布格式为集群分布。

Twelve species of Ophiuroid intertidal zone in Xiamen Harbour arc identified, which belong to 7 genera, 5 families, and 3 ordeis. Amphioplus depressus, Amphioplus impressus, Amphiura vadicola and ophionereis dubia sinensis are dominant species on muddy beach, sand-muddy beach, sandy beach and rocky shore,resprecti-vely. Among four types of intcrtidal bottoms,the quantity of Ophiuroid is the largest on muddy beach, the second on sand muddy beach,the third on rocky shore and the smallest on sandy beach. The similar coefficients of Ophiuroid community composition among bottoms are found all less than 50%. Analysis of community diversity shows that Ophiurans on rocky shore is more various, evener and richer than those on other bottoms.There has been no distribution of Ophiuroid found at high tidal zone in Xiamen Harbour. The density of Ophiuroid is denser at horizon than at other horizons on muddy beach. The density of Ophiuroid increases downwards from horizon to on sandy beach and sand muddy beach. Ophiuroid appears beneath horizon on rocky shore only.There is a seasonal replace for Ophiuroid species on muddy beach. Amphioplus depressus is the dominant species in spring, summer and autumn and disappeaig in winter. Amphioplus impressus replaces A. depressus to become the dominant species in winter. The quantity of Ophiuroid on sand beach is zero in summer and autumn. There is no marked seasonal replace of Ophiuroid species on sand-muddy and rocky shore. Their community is stable in spite of the seasonal change. The distribution patterns of Amphioplus depressus and A. impressus arc both aggregated.