居民医疗服务需求及其影响因素微观实证分析的研究进展

Research progress on the demand for medical care and affecting factors

医疗服务需求是政府制定卫生经济政策和医疗改革政策的出发点。本文回顾了近四十年来国内外学者关于医疗服务需求及其影响因素微观实证分析的研究进展,并将各类影响因素归纳为人口统计学因素、健康状况因素、经济因素、医疗保险和保障因素、供给因素五类来分析。得到以下启示:首先,医疗服务需求可以分为多种类型,不同类型医疗服务需求的影响因素也各有差异;其次,经济因素仍是影响医疗服务需求的重要因素,研究居民收入、医疗服务价格和医疗保险在医疗服务需求中仍具有重要意义;此外,现阶段分析新型农村合作医疗对医疗服务需求的影响,应综合考虑需求的价格弹性、补偿比例,并重视模型的内生性问题,以上都是以后可能进一步研究的方向。

The demand for medical care is a starting point of that government policymaking in health economic and health care reform. This paper reviews the empirical research progress on the demand for medical care base on the micro -data in the past 40 years, and sums up these five factors including demographic factors, health status factors, economic factors, medical insurance factors and supply factors. This paper also provides some useful revelations and further study topics ： first of all, there has several types of demand for medical care, and there has different affecting factors on the different demand for medical care; Secondly, economic factors are the important factors which affect demand for medical care, so it is importance significance to study the impact of income, price of medical care and medical insurance; finally, the price elasticity, co-payment percentage and endogeneity of model should be taken into consideration when studying how the New Rural Cooperative Medical System makes impact on the demand for medical care.