均衡与融合:高中段普通教育和职业教育的发展趋势——芬兰高中教育的经验与启示

Balancing and Merging:The Trends of Upper Secondary Education——Some Experiences and Enlightenments from Finnish Practices

随着生产力的发展和教育民主化进程的推进,从文艺复兴时期到二战后,世界各国在高中阶段普遍形成了由普通高中和职业高中组成的两足而立的教育格局。但这两者在发展中并不是平衡前进的,职业教育发展常常处于弱势地位。芬兰通过立法、建立互相融通的高中教育体系、改革职业教育课程和评价方式、实行职业教育免费和财政资助等措施促进了普通高中与职业高中的均衡与融合发展,其对于我国当前在数量和结构及整个教育体系中处理职业教育与普通教育的关系具有重要启示。

With the development of productivity and boosting of educational democratization process,most of countries in the world had formed the dual upper secondary educational pattern composed of general high school and vocational high school during the period from renaissance to after world warⅡ,but the development of vocational education and general education wasn＇t balanced afterwards,and the development of vocational education was often disadvantaged.Finland has fostered the balanced and harmonious development of vocational education and general education through legislation,building mutually infusing upper secondary education system,reforming curriculum and evaluation mode of vocational education and implementing the policy of free vocational education and financial support to students,which have important enlightenments to disposing the relationship between vocational education and general education in the aspects of quantity and structure in China.