基于企业母子联系的中国跨国城市网络结构——以中韩城市之间联系为例

On structural properties of transnational urban network based on multinational enterprises network in China:As the case of link with South Korea

从基于企业活动为城市经济活动的主要动因、企业组织联系为城市网络基础的认识出发,以企业跨国母子组织联系为根据,建立网络基本要素和联系密度等概念与指标。以中韩城市联系为例,分析了中国城市跨国网络结构特点。结果表明:跨国城市网络不断扩大的同时,网络基本要素分布呈现区位倾向性,集聚于环渤海和长三角;城市对和结点城市联系密度位序—规模分布显著,形成青岛、上海、北京、天津与首尔主导轴和青岛、天津、上海、北京等主导结点;城市对和结点城市的联系密度规模位序不断调整,同时在高位序群中保持相对稳定性;结点城市呈现专门性、综合性的分化,如北京和上海显示综合性,青岛和天津显示专门性等;受企业母子相互关系影响网络联系键具有矢量性,进而结点城市中形成源结点和受结点之分。

Along with economic globalization and China putting the opening up policy in practice,more and more multinational enterprises entered or went out of China,and established their affiliates,for example,production factories and/or service offices.The multinational enterprises linked Chinese cities with foreign cities by their business network as they carried on their transnational operation.As a result,this transnational urban network was created and developed in China.This paper probed into structural character of transnational urban network of China with South Korea through examining the linkages of headquarters with affiliates of Chinese and South Korean multinational enterprises.The main result of the study can be summarized as follows.First,the urban network developed broadly,including 67 Chinese cities and 67 South Korean cities.Second,the urban network has the property of regional concentration,and network elements such as link bond,linked pair city,network node and node city were mainly concentrated in the Bohai Rim and Changjiang Delta region in China and capital region in South Korea.Third,the linkage density of linked pair city or node city shows the property similar to the rank size distribution,so Qingdao,Shanghai,Beijing and Tianjin with Seoul have formed the main linked pair cities,and Qingdao,Tianjin,Shanghai and Beijing formed the main node cities.Fourth,the linkage density of linked pair city or node city has continually been adjusted,but it kept relatively stable as a whole in the range of higher hierarchy.Fifth,some node cities have been specialized and some have been incorporated in type of industry by multinational enterprises,the former as Beijing and Shanghai,the latter as Qingdao and Tianjin.Finally,the link bond has the property of vector,so the network node was divided into two types,one is source node,and the other is receptive node.