沙区聚落模式及人居环境质量评价研究——以宁夏盐池县北部风沙区为例

Study on the settlement pattern in sandy area and its quality evaluation:A case study of sandy area in the north of Yanchi County

选取沙化严重但近期沙化防治效果显著的宁夏盐池县北部风沙区为案例,基于SPOT 5遥感影像将沙区聚落按居民点与周边土地的空间关系分成11种类型,并抽象成3个基本模式(放射状、环状、放射+环状)。同时,构建由3大支撑系统的30项指标组成的聚落人居评价指标体系,对11种类型聚落中的典型案例进行人居环境质量评价。结果表明:环状模式聚落的人居环境质量最高,其中又以单环状聚落最优;复杂半放射+半环状聚落次之;放射状聚落相对最差,其中又以居民点与沙地直接接触的有耕地放射状最差。最后,分析了各等级聚落的优势与不足,并结合沙区实际情况提出复杂半放射+半环状聚落中有耕地半放射+半环状的聚落为沙区聚落相对适宜人居的聚落类型。

Human settlement,permanent community where people live,consisting of buildings,structures,roads,greenbelts and waterhead areas,is usually the shortened form of rural human settlement.In the world,studies of settlements mainly focus on historic geography,the ecological construction and energy ecology.Domestic researches usually study cities with architecture,sociology,ecology and geography,while rural human settlements have not received much attention,especially in the sandy area.This paper analyses the type of settlements in sandy area based on quality evaluation,aiming to choose a suitable land-use pattern of settlement for improving the construction of settlements.In this paper,the sandy area in the north of Yanchi county in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is selected as a case.Based on SPOT5 image in the year of 2005,land use map is compiled by interpretation.According to land use map,settlements are divided into 11 types in terms of its spatial relationship with neighboring land and land use pattern,and then the pattern of settlements is identified into three patterns（radial,annular,and radial-annular）.Some 30 indicators attached to three systems about the quality of human settlements environment were surveyed in typical settlements of each type in April of 2009,and then evaluation was made by those indicators with the method of mean square error.The result shows that the quality of pattern B（annular） is the best,which has an isolation belt with sandy area（the ring-shaped area）;pattern A（radial） is the worst,which is mostly exposed to sandy area directly;type B2 is the finest type with a ring-shaped area,belonging to pattern two;the second is type C3,a complex radial-annular type belonging to pattern three;the worst type is type A2,a radial shape with arable land.In the evaluation,the score of type B2 is the highest,but it is not the best type recommended.As the local rainfall is rare in recent years,water for life mainly relies on water from underground,which is not enough for irrigating all the surrounding areas.Type B2 is typical in the building of a new socialist countryside with preferential policies,so it has enough water to make the surrounding areas to be irrigable land with the project Yang Huang.Considering the practical situation,this type cannot be commonly used in sandy area.Type C3 is chosen as the most suitable type in this paper.In its isolation belt,hedgerows are planted in the upwind direction of the farmland and settlement,which is relatively easy to be realized in sandy area.