论《孟子字义疏证》对程朱理学的批判

ON DAI ZHEN'S ANIMADVERTING ON CHENG ZHU'S NEO-CONFUCIANISM

戴震生活的时代,"理"成了社会优势阶层压制弱势阶层的工具,在道德领域最主要的表现就是"以意见为理"和"理欲二分"。戴震认为这些道德理论问题源于程朱理学在本体论、人性论、认识论、修养方法等方面出现了错误,而这些理论错误最终根源于程朱理学受到老、庄、释氏思想的浸害而偏离了孔孟传统儒学的精髓。戴震这种敢于批评封建正统思想并步步深入、挖掘根基的精神无疑具有革命性意义,然而囿于时代局限性,他并没有看到社会道德问题的真正根源是等级制度本身。

In Dai Zhen＇s days, ＂Li＂ turned into a tool for potentates to suppress the subjects and was characterized by＂mistaking personal ideas as Li＂ and ＂departing desire from Li＇in moral life. In Dai Zhen＇ s opinion, these moral problems are due to Cheng Zhu＇ Neo-Confucianism＇ mistakes in ontology, theory of human nature, epistemology and methods of moral cultivation, which are caused by the bad effects of Taoism and Buddhism. Dai Zhen showed great courage to animadvert the feudalistic ideology. Nevertheless, he couldn＇t surpass his age and failed to see that the real root of social moral problems is feudalism itself.