居家伤害相关因素的多水平模型分析

Relative factors in home safety evaluated by multilevel statistical models

目的 了解居家伤害发生的相关因素,分析居家伤害发生的条件.方法 调查上海市某街道常住居民9760户,根据WHO＂社区伤害和暴力调查指南＂以及＂伤害外部原因国际分类＂自行设计调查问卷.结果 社区居民居家设施中消防和用电安全方面隐患比较大,厨房煤气泄露报警器安装率仅有14.85%;有40.75%家庭没有设置紧急逃生时方便开启的窗.居民能够坚持居家生活时安全行为的比例为50%～70%,其中35.93%的家庭把洗涤剂或药物放在饮料瓶等容器中储存.仅有1.81%的居民认为居家也是伤害发生的高危场所.多水平模型分析显示,家庭因素和户主因素对居家安全有显著影响,如家庭人口数、人均居住面积、受教育程度、职业状况等.结论 居家设施和居家行为中可能导致伤害发生的相关因素广泛存在.

Objective To understand the situations of home establishments and the related domestic behaviors that causing injuries. Methods A total of 9760 families with regular residents in a community in Shanghai were investigated. Questionnaire was designed bascd on the Guidelines for Conducting Community Surveys on Injuries and Violence and International Classification of External Causes of Injuries. Results Inside the home settings, relative factors were found on issues as fire protection and using of electricity. In terms of household settings, 14.85% of the families had smoke alarm systems in the kitchen; 40.75% had no windows set for emergence. 50% to 70% of the residents had the idea of safe behaviors, including 35.93% of the families stored cleaning products,other chemicals or medical substances in alternative containers, such as used drinking bottle. Only 1.81% of the people being investigated thought that home was also a high risk place where injury might occur and it was placed number 9 in a multiple choice questionnaire. Data from the multiple level model analysis showed that factors as number of family members, space, education, profession etc. were closely related to the situation of home settings and their resident＇s behaviors. Conclusion Many injury related factors were found related to home establishments and people＇ s daily behaviors at home which called for interventions to be taken.