梨园芳香植物间作区节肢动物群落时序格局

Temporal structures of arthropod community of intercropping aromatic plants in pear orchard

以沙地梨园间作罗勒、孔雀草、薄荷为处理,自然生草和清耕区为对照,应用最优分割法和模糊聚类法,探讨梨园节肢动物群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落发生的时序格局特征及其相互联系。结果表明:总群落、害虫亚群落以及其优势种个体数时序变化趋势呈偏态分布,而天敌亚群落以及其优势种个体数的呈正态分布,高峰期出现在6月末至7月中旬,比总群落和害虫亚群落个体数发生高峰晚。在梨树年生长周期的主要时段中,芳香植物间作区较自然生草区、清耕区害虫亚群落的发生数量(4月中至8月底)少;而天敌亚群落发生数量(4月底至6月底)多。梨园各间作区节肢动物总群落和害虫亚群落时序最优格局均可划分5个时段:发展初期、发展期、稳定期、波动期和衰退期;天敌亚群落分为3个时段:发展期、稳定期、衰退期。但处理间在发生时段的时间范围、发生数量及组成特征上存在复杂的差异。梨园节肢动物总群落、害虫亚群落、天敌亚群落时序聚类结果不同,预示着处理间节肢动物总群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落在各发生时段上的个体组成、物种丰富度、群落多样性指数、优势度和均匀度指数存在着差异。

This paper was aimed to discuss the effects of intercropping aromatic plants on the temporal structures of arthropod community in pear orchard.Intercropping Ocimum basilicum L.（Tr1）,Tagetes patula L.（Tr2）,Saturela hortensis L.（Tr3） in pear orchard were carried out as three treatments and natural sward（Tr4） and clean tillage（Tr5） as control.Based on optimal partitioning method and cluster analysis,the temporal structures and relation of arthropod general community,pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community were analyzed systematically in the different intercropping plots.The results showed that the community composition and dominance species composition of the arthropod general community,pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community were significantly different from each other among different treatments.The individual number of community and dominance species of the arthropod general community,pest sub-community showed a skewed distribution and natural enemy sub-community,however,a normal distribution.The individual number of natural enemy sub-community peaked from late June to mid-July,posterior to that of the arthropod general community and pest sub-community.In most stage of the pear growth,individual numbers of pest sub-community in intercropping aromatic plants treatments decreased from mid-April to last August and those of natural enemy sub-community increased from last April to last June,compared to that of natural sward and clean tillage treatments.The trends were similar to each other in the individual number of arthropod general community and the pest sub-community.In the case of the pest sub-community,the treatments（species used as an intercrop） recorded differences in diversity when the fruits were green and differences in evenness and dominance when the fruits were ripening.The optimization stage of the arthropod general community,pest sub-community in the different treatments of pear orchard were divided into five stages,namely,initial development stage（last March to early April）,development stage（mid-April to mid-May）,fluctuation stage（last May to early June）,stationary stage（mid-June to early August）,and decline stage（mid-August to last September）,and natural enemy sub-community were divided into three stages,namely,development stage（last March to early June）,stationary stage（early June to early September）,decline stage（after 20 days in September）.But significant difference was observed in time range,quantity and structure characteristics among the different treatments.The clustering distinctness of arthropod general community,pest sub-community and natural enemy sub-community suggested that the individuals,abundance,diversity,dominance and evenness showed discrepancy in arthropod community during different stages among different treatments.