教育政策工具的概念类型:对北京市民办高等教育政策文本的初步分析

Conceptual Categories of Educational Policy Instruments:a Preliminary Analysis of Beijing Private Higher Education Policy Texts

政策工具被视为连结政策制定和政策执行的重要机制,近几十年来成为政策过程研究的主要议题之一。采用西方公共政策学者提出的概念类型,通过对北京市民办高等教育政策文本进行的初步分析表明,教育政策工具的概念类型可以包括权威工具、激励工具、象征与劝诫工具、能力建设工具、系统变革工具和学习工具。各种政策工具被使用的频率是不同的,不同教育政策工具类型暗含着不同的行为假设,即将政策方案转化为政策目标的行为机制,这一机制影响了教育行政部门在治理高等教育领域时对政策工具进行选择的偏好。

Policy instrument is regarded as the important mechanism linking policy making with policy implementation and has been one of the dominating issues in policy process studies. Based on the conceptual categories of policy instruments discussed by western public policy researchers, an analysis of Beijing private higher education policy texts has identified six kinds of policy tools： authority tools, incentive tools, symbolic and hortatory tools, capacity tools, system change tools and learning tools. Different policy instruments are applied in different frequencies and different educational policy instruments contain different behavioural hypotheses, that is, the behavioral mechanism transforming the policy alternatives into policy goals, which has affected the administrative educational organizations＇ choice of policy instruments in governing the higher education.