美国教师教育改革新趋势对中国的启示

Enlightenment from American Teacher Education Reform Trend

美国奥巴马政府执政以来,增加联邦教育经费,招募教师和吸引人才,进一步提高学生学业标准并奖励优秀教师,出台了一系列对美国的教师教育发展产生深刻影响的教育革新计划。美国大学在通识教育、培养模式、教学实习、教师资格等方面的改革举措有:在教师教育课程方面,更加注重多学科知识基础;在培养模式上更加多元化;延长教育实习期,完善实习专业标准;严格教师资格认定标准,建立考试体系。美国教师教育改革的经验和创新措施,对我国的启示主要有以下四点:建立和完善国家教师教育课程标准,强化教师综合素质提升;完善教育实习顶层制度设计,建立国家级教师教育实习基地;健全和完善国家评定标准,把好教师准入关;完善多层级的专业发展模式,建立教师资格证书进阶制。

Obama’s government, since its succession, has launched a series of education reform projects, added federal educational appropriations, recruited new teachers and attracted talents, promoted further students’ proficiency standards, and awarded excellent teachers, all of which have had profound influence upon American teacher education development. This study is based on the case of the University of Maryland and analyzes her reform measures in fundamental education, cultivation patterns, teaching practice, teacher qualification and others. There are hence four enlightenments： （i） to establish and perfect the national teacher education curriculum standards and strengthen teachers’ comprehensive quality; （ii） to improve the top system design of teaching practice and set up national teacher education practice bases; （iii） to improve national evaluation criteria for teacher qualification examination; and （iv） to develop a multiple hierarchical model of professional development as different stages for teacher qualification certificate.