工作记忆:人类高级认知活动的核心

Working Memory:Critical Role in Human Cognition

工作记忆是个体在执行认知任务过程中,对信息暂时保持与操作的能力。近年来的诸多研究指出,工作记忆在人类智力、学习、推理、创造力等高级认知活动中起重要的作用。潜变量分析揭示了工作记忆的中央执行系统与高级认知活动之间存在着密切关系;而脑成像研究显示,工作记忆与高级认知活动的共享脑机制可能是两者关系紧密的主要原因;通过对个体工作记忆能力的训练,提升其阅读能力、智力水平等高级认知能力的干预研究,则进一步证明了工作记忆在人类高级认知活动中的核心影响。

Working Memory is the term used to refer to a system responsible for temporarily storing and manipulating information. It is an important factor for many cognitive skills, including intelligence, problem solving, reasoning ability, learning and creativity. In recent years, the researchers adopt latent variable analysis and prove that there is an intimate relationship between Central Executive Component in Working Memory and advanced cognitive activities. Brain imaging researches state that the sharing brain mechanism is the main reason of working memory, and advanced cognitive activities have a close relation to it. The finding that the individual reading ability and intelligence level are enhanced by training further proves that Working Memory is the important role in human advanced cognitive activities.