论先秦时期儒道美育思想的特质及其当代意义

Characteristics of Confucian Theories of Aesthetic Education in the Pre-Qin Times and Their Current Significance

先秦的儒家美育思想和道家美育思想都各具特点。在美育手段上,儒家重诗、礼、乐,道家重"自然"和技术美育;在美育原则上,儒家强调"里仁为美",道家要求"道法自然";在美育目的上,儒家讲究成人入世,道家要培养人的自由心性;在美育方法上,儒家通过"实践教化"来实现美育,而道家侧重"不言之教"。儒家美育所崇扬的人格理想、人格境界及人的道德主体性,对于提高人类的精神价值具有积极的意义;而道家美育反对人为物役,主张天人合一、卫护精神自由等,对于当代人的物欲沉沦、精神家园失落和人与自然关系的紧张等现代社会弊病具有直接的救治作用。

Confucian and Taoist theories of aesthetic education in the pre-Qin times had their respective distinctions. For means of aesthetic education, Confucians emphasized poetry, propriety and music while Taoists advertised ＂natural＂ and technical aesthetic teaching. For the principle of aesthetic education, The Confucian idea of ＂internal benevolence as the beautiful＂ formed a contrast against the Taoist requirement of ＂nature as the supreme principle of the Tao＂. For the purpose of aesthetic education, Confucians advocated the objective of establishing men and working for the society while Taoists emphatically developed the free mind of men. For methods of aesthetic education, Confucians realized aesthetic education by instructing and practicing while Taoists emphasized ＂silent instruction＂ Both Confucian and Taoist theories of aesthetic education are of the effect of treatment to contemporary social diseases, such as indulgence on physical desire, loss of spiritual home, and tensional relationship between men and nature.