能源重镇对生态环境的外部效应及其价值补偿——基于陕北能源重化工基地的分析

External Effect of Key Towns of Energy Resources to Ecological Environment and Their Value Compensation——An Analysis Based on the Key Bases of Energy and Major Chemical Industry in Northern Shaanxi

能源是经济发展的重要动力资源,能源富集区是提供资源的重镇。能源富集区一般都存在生态脆弱性问题,能源开采客观上会引起当地生态环境急剧恶化,需要相应生态价值补偿。能源基地相关企业的生产过程和产生的残余物会对当地环境造成破坏,引起当地资源过度消耗,致使当地人居环境福利水平下降等生态外部性问题,但是目前包括财政、市场调节、价值评估、企业自我管理等方面的补偿机制仍然存在诸多缺陷,需要从补偿原则、指标体系和制度路径等方面来完善。

Rich regions of energy are key towns to supply energy as one of the leading dynamic resources for economic development.Those rich regions of energy are generally faced with fragile ecology,thus calling for corresponding compensation of ecological value.The production of enterprises in energy bases and remainder caused by their production bring about some problems of ecological externality,including damages to local environment and reduction of the level of welfare of local living environment.However,many defects exist in the current compensation mechanism such as financial and market adjustment,value appraisal and self-administration of enterprises.These appeal to a completion by the compensation principle,target system and institutional means.