垃圾污水的植物毒性和植物净化效果之研究(英文)

PHYTO TOXICITY OF GARBAGE LEACHATES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANT PURIFICATION FOR THEM

广州李坑拉圾卫生填埋场的渗滤污水含有高浓度的污染物，经过人工净化后仍未达到排放标准，对植物产生毒害。在被观测的４种植物中，水葫芦（Ｅｉｃｈｈｏｒｎｉａｃｒａｓｉｐｅｓ）在高浓度和低浓度２种污水中均被毒害致死；百喜草（Ｐａｓｐａｌｕｍｎｏｔａｔｕｍ）在高浓度的渗滤液中不能存活，在低浓度中受严重伤害；水花生（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｎｔｈｅｒａｐｈｉｌｏｘｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ）在高浓度污水中受较重伤害，但在低浓度形成庞大生物体，这可能是污水的“富营养化”所致；香根草（Ｖｅｔｉｖｅｒｉａｚｉｚａｎｉｏｉｄｅｓ）在这２种污水中亦受伤害，但受害程度为４种植物中最轻。在污水中表现相对较好的２种植物中，水花生对低浓度污水的净化效果总体上好于香根草，尤其对总氮和硝态氮的净化效果明显好于香根草，但香根草对高浓度污水中的７种“污物”的净化效果均优于水花生，且对低浓度污水中的磷与ＣＯＤ的净化亦优于水花生。在被观测的７种水质指标中，植物对氨态氮的净化效果最好，净化率在７７％～９１％之间。此外，香根草对磷也表现出了较强的净化能力，净化率高达７０％以上。香根草和水花生可分别作为高、低２种浓度垃圾污水的净化植物来辅助净化污水。

The pollution caused from life garbage and leachate on environment and creatures is becoming an increasingly prominent problem in the process of development of Guangzhou City. Wastewater leached from Likeg Life Garbage Landfill of Guangzhou contained high concentrations of pollutants,and did not reach the effluent standard,which could be harmful to plants and surroundings. Of four plant species investigated in this study, Eichhornia crassipes was poisoned to death in two types of wastewater tested; Paspalum notatum could not survive in the high concentrated leachate(HCL) and was severely damaged in the low concentrated leachate(LCL): Alternanthera philoxeroides was impaired in HCL, but formed a considerably large biomass in LCL,which was possibly due to that LCL may have efficiency of eutrophication. Vetiveria zizanioides was also hurt by the leachates,but was the least of the four species. The tolerance of the four species to garbage leachate was ranked in the following order V. zizanioides>A.philoxeroides>P.notatum>E.crassipes . Of the two species growing relatively better in wastewater, A.philoxeroides on the whole was superior over V.zizanioides in purifying LCL,especially in purifying total N and nitrate N; but the effects of V.zizanioides in purifying seven kinds of “pollutants” in HCL were all better than that of A.philoxeroides , and the purification of P and COD in LCL by V.zizanioides was, too, better than by A.philoxeroides . Of all seven items measured in the study ammoniac N was the best cleansed, and its purification rate was between 77%～91%. V.zizanioides showed a quite high purification rate for P(>74%). From the research, we suggest that V.zizanioides and A.philoxeroides could act as purifying plants to assist in purifying the high and low concentrated garbage leachates,respectively.