戴震学术地位的确立与“西学中源”论

The Establishment of Dai Zhen's Academic Status and the Theory of Chinese Origins of Western Learning

戴震是乾嘉学术的领军人物,他从徽州乡野来到京师后,以素衣秀才的身份在很短时间内就"声重京师,名公卿争相交焉",其学术何以迅速得到认同,是当今学术界悬而未解的问题。文章通过梅文鼎、梅瑴成、江永、戴震等对待西学问题的考察,说明戴震在前人的基础上以"中学"替换"西学"的特有方式,使人耳目一新。其学术地位的迅速确立,与他在"西学东渐"的学术变革时期,适时地顺应了朝廷的文化心态有关,由此也凸显了传统士大夫在学术与政治之间的艰难应对。

Dai Zhen was the leading scholar of Qian-Jia learning in the Qing Dynasty. Though he was an obscure Confucian intellectual in simple and unadorned apparel after his arrival in the capital of Qing Dynasty from the countryside, Huizhou,he became famous in a short time and was a person that people of high social ranks eagerly wanted to meet. His academic viewpoint was quickly acknowledged and accepted. Why it was so is an unsolved puzzle in academia. Based on examinations into Western learning made by Mei Wending,Mei Juecheng,Jiang Yong,Dai Zhen and others,this paper tries to explain the unique and refreshing approach adopted by Dai Zhen to substitute＂Western learning＂with＂Chinese learning＂on the basis of his predecessors＇ research. Dai Zhen＇s timely academic viewpoints conformed to the cultural mentality of the Qing imperial government during this period of the dissemination of Western culture and ensured the quick establishment of his academic status. Dai Zhen＇s experience also revealed the harsh difficulties of the traditional scholar-bureaucrat in achieving the balance between politics and learning.