乾隆朝进呈讲义始末考

Proposed Imperial Reading Materials in the Qianlong Period

中国古代帝王教育主要有经筵、日讲及进呈讲义三种形式。清代乾隆时期进呈讲义长达十二年之久,直接涉及在朝大臣三百余人,对清代政治、经济、文化及学术影响甚大。乾隆时期进呈讲义大致可以分为早、中、晚三期,不同时期具有不同的特点,与宋元以来历代进呈讲义不同,其目的不在帝王教育,而是更注重对大臣品性的考核与鉴别。《御览经史讲义》作为进呈讲义的汇编,残缺遗漏之处甚多。乾隆以后的嘉、道、咸、同乃至光、宣各个时期,对此次进呈讲义的评价不尽一致。

The system for educating emperors was comprised of three main forms,official expositions of the classics,daily lectures,and proposed imperial reading materials. The implementation of the proposed imperial reading materials lasted for twelve years during the Qianlong reign,and,with more than three hundreds officials involved,it cast a deep influence upon the political,economical,cultural and academic realms in the Qing Dynasty. The purpose of the proposed imperial reading materials lies not only in the education of the emperors but also in the assessment and differentiation of the officials. The content of these compilations also exhibited different features at different times. After the Qianlong reign Imperial Reading Materials （Yulan jingshi jiangyi） was fragmentary and contained many omissions.