北黄海秋季黄鮟鱇摄食习性的初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Feeding Habit of Lophius litulon During Autumn in the North Yellow Sea

根据2007年秋季在黄海北部海域进行的定点底拖网调查，对黄鲛鲸（Lophius litulon）的摄食习性进行了初步研究。结果表明，黄鲛鲸在秋季主要以底层鱼类和虾类为食，优势饵料生物是矛尾虾虎鱼（Chaeturichthys stigmatias）和脊腹褐虾（Crangon affinis），其中矛尾虾虎鱼在食物组成中所占的比例最高，是黄鲼鲸最重要的饵料生物。典范对应分析表明，水深、经度和纬度对黄鲛鲸的食物组成有显著影响（P〈0．05），而体长、性别和性腺成熟度则没有显著影响（P〉0．05）。黄鲼鲸摄食矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾的体长范围分别是32～152mm和34-79mm，平均体长分别为（80．8±1．88）和（53．2±3．11）（S．E．）mm，它与2种饵料生物的体长之间没有显著的相关关系。黄鲛鲸与矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾体长的比率分别为1．19～5．14和2．38～6．02，平均值分别为（2．67±0．09）和（4．23±0．29）（S.E．），黄鲛鲸与2种饵料生物体长的比率与黄鲅鲸的体长之间存在极显著的正相关关系。

Based upon stomachs collected from the north Yellow Sea during autumn in 2007, feeding habit of Lophius litulon was investigated. The results showed that demersal fishes and shrimps were the most important prey groups of L. litulon. At the species level, Chaeturichthys stigmatias and Crangon a f finis dominated the diet of L. litulon, with the former being the most important prey species. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） showed that depth, longitude and latitude were three important explanatory variables which significantly affected the variance in the diet compositions of L. litulon （P〈 0.05）, whereas, size, sex and gonad maturity stage had no significant impact on the diet （P〉0.05）. The prey lengths of C. stigrnatias and C. affinis ranged from 32 to 152 mm and from 34 to 79 mm, respectively. The mean length of these two preys was （80. 8±1.88） （S. E. ） mm and （53.2±3. 11） （S. E. ） mm, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the lengths of these two preys and L. litulon. The length ratios between L. litulon and the two preys ranged from 1.19 to 5.14 and from 2.38 to 6.02, respectively. The mean length ratio was （2. 67±0. 09） （S. E. ） and （4. 23±0. 29） （S. E. ）, respectively. Both of the length ratios had significant positive relationship with the length of L. litulon.