科学经济学与科学知识经济学

Economics of Science and Economics of Scientific Knowledge

哲学与经济学之间的互动过程正在走向深入。经济学方法论正突破经典科学哲学的眼界,向科学知识社会学等领域拓展。对科学的逻辑/方法论分析和对科学的社会学分析这两种视角同时影响着经济学方法论研究的变化,于是,经济学本身的理论要素已经非常活跃地参与或渗透到科学知识的一般研究中去,形成所谓"科学知识经济学"。本文一方面要阐明科学哲学家采用经济学分析科学知识的产出与增长,经济博弈论原本是在经济领域中研究局中人如何在冲突局势下寻求合作的最优策略的形式理论,借助于它可以表明多主体如何协同地产生集体知识的机制;另一方面又要分析主流经济学家对科学共同体制度的经济结构与地位的研究。前一种思路称作"科学知识经济学",后一种思路称作"科学的经济学分析"。

The interaction process between philosophy and economics is becoming increasingly intensive.Methodology of economics has broken through the classical views of philosophy of science and expanded into the field of sociology of scientific knowledge.Both two research perspectives on science,logical analysis and sociological analysis,have influenced the changes in the research methodology in Economics.Economics has been actively involved in scientific knowledge research,which is known as economics of scientific knowledge.The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the works of scientific philosopher that use economic theory such as Game Theory of Economics to analyze the production and increase of scientific knowledge.Actually,in the economics field Game Theory of economics is used for research players that searching the best principle for cooperation in the conflict.Game theory illustrates the mechanism how collective knowledge can be generated through multi-agents’ collaboration.The other purpose is to analyze the works of mainstream economists,which research on scientific community institution’s economic structure and status.The former analytical view is called ＂economics of scientific knowledge＂;the latter is called ＂economic analysis of scientific knowledge＂.