关于百年来中国电影类型研究的思考

Meditation On the Genre Research of Chinese Film in the Past Century

中国电影的类型研究与中国社会发展有着密切关系,社会文化语境的变迁是决定类型研究兴衰沉浮的关键因素,类型研究的变化与转向往往也是社会文化语境变迁的反映与折射。类型研究与社会发展的镜像关系导致不同社会发展阶段的类型研究呈现出不同的面貌。中国电影的类型研究经过近百年的发展取得了显著进展:从重实用、重实践走向学术化、专业化;从注重社会教育功能走向关注娱乐功能;从学习西方的类型理论走向研究民族类型电影。中国电影的类型研究未来可能面临的问题与挑战包括:第一,目前制约我国类型研究的进一步发展的最大瓶颈是本土类型理论的缺失;第二,如何实现西方类型理论的中国化;第三,中国的类型研究应关注一些世界类型研究中的共同问题,应该具有一种全球化的视野,将中国的类型研究作为世界类型研究的一部分。

Genre research has close relationship with social development. The key factor which determines the vicissitude of genre research is the changes of sociocultural context,and also the variation and turning of genre research reflect the changes of sociocultural context. It is the image relationship between genre research and social development that cause the genre research presents different features in different social development phases. The genre research of Chinese film has made significant progress through the past century,that is,from emphasis on practice and practicability to be academic and professional,from focusing on social educational function to concern about entertainment function,from learning western genre theories to study on our national genre films. However,the development of Chinese genre research reflects the potential problems and future challenges:firstly,the most serious bottleneck which restricts the further development of national genre research is the absence of our local genre theories; secondly,the urgent problem which should solve nowadays is how to realize the localization of western genre theories; thirdly,Chinese genre research should focus on the common issues in the world genre research and have a global perspective,that is,to make Chinese genre research a part of the world genre research and make contribution to the common issues in the world genre research.