施用磷肥对菊花活性成分及清除自由基能力的影响

Effects of phosphate fertilizer on active ingredients and antioxidant activities of Chrysanthemum morifolium

目的：研究施用磷肥对菊花活性成分及清除自由基能力的影响,旨在为制定菊花科学施肥的栽培措施提供理论依据。方法：采用盆栽土壤培养试验,在采收期进行采样测产,分别测定药材总黄酮、绿原酸、可溶性糖、可溶性氨基酸和粗蛋白含量,以及药材提取物对羟基、超氧阴离子及DPPH自由基的清除率。结果：适量施用磷肥可以显著提高菊花药材产量,增产幅度达130%。适量施用磷肥还可显著提高菊花中总黄酮、绿原酸和可溶性糖的含量与累积量,从而显著增强了菊花清除羟基、超氧阴离子及DPPH自由基的能力,即抗氧化活性。而菊花中可溶性氨基酸和粗蛋白含量,随磷肥施用量的增加呈下降的趋势。磷肥（P2O5）施用量过高（〉0.20 g.kg-1）会导致菊花早熟,从而降低菊花产量,并也导致菊花活性分含量、累积量及其清除自由基的能力有不同程度的降低。另外,菊花中总黄酮和绿原酸含量及菊花对3种自由基的清除率等指标之间,分别呈显著正相关。结论：在菊花种植生产上应重视施用磷肥,综合比较菊花产量、活性成分含量与累积量及清除自由基能力等因素,建议菊花全生育期内磷肥施用量在0.26~0.28 g.kg-1为适宜。

Objective： In order to provide a scientific fertilizer application for the standardized cultivation,the effects of phosphate（P） fertilizer on the active ingredients and antioxidant activities of Chrysanthemum morifolium were studied.Method： Pot experiment was adopted to study the effects of P supply on the yield and the content of flavonoids,chlorogenic acid,soluble sugar,soluble amino acids and crude protein of C.morifolium flower.And effects of P supply on the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate（DPPH） free radical scavenging activity of flower were researched too.Result： The yield of C.morifolium dry flower increased 129.94% when P fertilizer was applied.Appropriate application of P fertilizer could also significantly improve the content and accumulation of total flavonoids,chlorogenic acid and soluble sugar in C.morifolium.Thus,the inhibition rates of hydroxyl radical,superoxide anion radical and DPPH free radical of C.morifolium was increased.When the level of P supply exceeded 0.20 g P2O5 per plant,P had also negative influence on the yield and the content of active ingredients and the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical,superoxide anion radical and DPPH free radical of C.morifolium.Furthermore,there were significant positive correlations between the content of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid and the inhibition rate of hydroxyl radical,superoxide anion radical and DPPH free radical,respectively.Conclusion： Appropriate application of P fertilizer could be beneficial to the increase the active components and antioxidant activity of C.morifolium.And recommended level of P fertilizer is 0.26-0.28 g·kg-1.