金圣叹小说评点评价模式的衍变

Evolvement of Evaluation Mode of Jin Sheng-tan's Novel Comments

审视三百多年人们对金圣叹小说评点评价的历史变迁,在历时性的维度上,不同阶段的评价模式和价值取向都呈现出不同的样态(道德认知模式、政治衡评模式等),但在共时性的维度上又表现出了相对一致性(以论人取代论学)。不同的评价模式有其自身发展的理论渊源。考察其流变过程及动因有助于返观中国文学批评理论的发展轨迹,也是全面了解金圣叹的小说评点价值、正确评价其小说评点成就的必要前提。

Examined from diachronie perspective of historical evolvement of evaluation on Jin Sheng-tan＇s novel comments in these three hundred years, the evaluation modes and the value orientations on different historical stages take on varied patterns （the mode of moral cognition and the mode of political comment, etc. ）. However, from synchronic perspective, the evaluation modes and the value orientations on different historical stages show relative consistency （＂comments on academic achievement＂ is substituted with ＂comments on person＂）. Different evaluation modes have theoretical origins of their own development, so examination on the changing process and motivation is helpful for reconsidering the development track of Chinese literary criticism theories, and is also a necessary premise for understanding completely the value of Jin Sheng-tan＇s novel comments and for evaluating correctly the achievement of his novel comments.