亚麻开花结实特性及籽粒干物质积累规律研究

Study on the accumulating rules about seeds dry matter and blooming and bearing fruit of flax

选用具有一定代表性的4个油纤兼用型品种(系)和1个纤用型品种(系),从始花期开始,标记每天开的花,每5天为一期,标记三期,其余所有的花归为第四期。开花5天后采收果粒,测定不同时期、不同部位籽粒干物质积累量,利用logistic生长曲线方程对亚麻不同部位籽粒干物质积累进行了分析,结果表明:纤维型亚麻中部果实的籽粒较重,每果粒数较多,基部的次之,上部最轻;而兼用型亚麻的果粒数,粒重,结实率都由基部向上依次降低。单株产量中,均以中部籽粒所占比重最大。籽粒干物质积累量与平均积累速率,最大积累速率,快增期积累速率呈正相关。在所有的品种(系)中,快增期的增长速率显著高于渐增期和缓增期,不同部位籽粒的增重不同,兼用型亚麻基部籽粒增长速率低,持续时间长,干物质积累多,上部籽粒增长速率高,但持续时间短,籽粒轻,而纤用型的虽表现出相同趋势,但不同部位间差异较小。

Four typical dual-purpose type of oil-cilia varieties（strains） and a cilia-use variety（strain） of flax were selected as test materials.From the early flowering season,the blossoming flowers each day were marked,with every five-day as a period,and the marking was done in three periods,while all the other flowers were regarded as the fourth period.The seeds were picked five days after blossoming and measured to find out dry matter accumulation of seeds in different periods and parts.The result of logistic growth curve equation analysis showed that seeds in middle fruit of cilia type flax were relatively heavy,each had more fruit seeds,and the bottom took the second place,while the top was the lightest;However,the fruit seeds of the dual purpose type flax were heavier,and the maturing rate reduced from bottom to top in proper order.As for a single plant,the output of the middle seeds took the largest proportion.The seeds dry matter accumulation and the average accumulation rate,the max accumulation rate,fast developing period accumulation rate were in positive correlation.Among all of the varieties（series）,the developing rate of the fast developing period was notablly overtop the increasing and the slowly increasing period,the weight increment was different among different parts of seeds,the bottom seeds of the dual purpose type flax had lower developing rate, long continuous time,more dry matter accumulation,while the top seeds had high developing rate,but had short continuous time,and light seeds.However,the cilia-using type had the same trend,but had little difference among various parts.