线辣椒/玉米套作对产量和品质的影响

Yield and quality of capsicum and maize in strip relay intercrops and monoculture patterns

以套作线辣椒/玉米、单作线辣椒和单作玉米为研究对象,运用地下部种间根系分隔技术,研究了套作和单作种植模式下线辣椒、玉米产量和品质的差异。结果表明,线辣椒/玉米套作具有显著的产量优势,土地当量比为1.18-1.24。套作玉米与单作玉米相比呈现明显的套作品质优势,套作玉米的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重等品质指标明显高于单作玉米。套作线辣椒与单作线辣椒相比呈现明显的套作品质劣势,套作线辣椒果实的辣椒素含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比、抗坏血酸含量等品质指标均低于单作线辣椒,有机酸含量和干物质含量高于单作线辣椒。线辣椒果实的品质指标在果实发育过程中的变化趋势不同,套作线辣椒果实品质指标的降低幅度在可接受范围内。考虑到产量优势和经济效益,线辣椒/玉米套作是一个很有价值的种植模式。

Relay intercrops of capsicum and maize is practiced at a large scale in the Shaanxi province of northwest China.A field experiment and a root barrier technique were employed to document the yield and quality character of capsicum and maize in monoculture and strip relay intercrops pattern.The results showed that under capsicum / maize strip relay intercrops,the land equivalent ratio was 1.18～1.24,proving a significant yield advantage of relay intercrops.There was significant quality advantage of relay intercropped maize compared with the monoculture.Protein content,oil and one hundred grain weight of relay intercropped maize were significantly higher than that of monoculture.There was significant quality disadvantage of relay intercropped capsicum compared with the monoculture.The contents of capsaicin,soluble sugar,ascorbic acid and rate of soluble sugar to titratable acid in capsicum fruit were decreased by relay intercrops plants,as compared to monoculture plants.However,the titratable acid content and dry matter weight of fruit in relay intercrops capsicum were higher than that of monoculture capsicum.There was a different dynamics curve of different nutrition quality index during capsicum fruit ripening.Effect of relay intercrops on the nutrition quality of capsicum fruit were minor and mostly below detection threshold.Considering yield advantage and economic benefit,the capsicum and maize strip relay intercrops planting pattern was a promising management practice.