灌溉方式对红富士苹果根系活力和新梢生长及果实产量质量的影响

Effects of different irrigation patterns on root activity,new shoot growth,fruit yield and quality of red Fuji apple

为了筛选适合太行山片麻岩山地果园的节水灌溉方式,以长富2苹果为试材,研究了滴灌、微喷、小管出流、大水漫灌和不灌5个灌溉方式下红富士苹果根系活力、新梢生长、果实产量和品质。结果表明,在滴灌、微喷和小管出流的灌溉总量比大水漫灌减少了54.2%、53.1%、54.8%的情况下,小管出流根系活力在6月22日达到最高,为276.20μg/(g.h),滴灌、大水漫灌和微喷根系活力在7月21日达到最高,不灌根系活力在5月20日最高,以后随处理时间的延长逐渐降低,小管出流根系活力均值为260.19μg/(g.h),显著高于其它处理;大水漫灌、微喷、滴灌、小管出流、不灌5个处理在9月底新梢长度分别为60.86、48.25、40.84、41.653、1.81 cm;大水漫灌的单株产量最高,为50.33 kg,与小管出流和滴灌无显著差异,小管出流的糖酸比最高,为44.28,极显著高于其它处理。说明在太行山片麻岩山地果园,小管出流灌溉是能够使树体维持较高根系活力、平衡生长和保持较高产量和品质的较优节水灌溉方式。

In order to screen out the most effective water-saving irrigation patterns suitable for orchards in gneiss areas of the Taihang Mountains,a field experiment was conducted there with Changfu-2 apple as tested material to evaluate the effects of different irrigation patterns,i.e,drip irrigation,micro-sprinkler,small-pipe flow,flood irrigation and non-irrigation on roots activity,new shoot growth,fruit yield and quality of red Fuji apple.The results showed that,in the case that the total irrigation amount of drip irrigation,micro-sprinkler and small-pipe flow were respectively reduced by 54.2%,53.1% and 54.8% compared to that of flood irrigation,the root activity under small-pipe-flow irrigation reached the highest in June 22 that was up to 276.20 μg/（g·h）,and the root activity under drip irrigation,flooding irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation reached the highest in July 21,while that of non-irrigation reached the highest in May 20 then decreased gradually with the treated time going on.And the average root activity under small-pipe flow was the highest that up to 260.19 μg/（g·h）,which was significant higher than that of other treatments;in the end of September new shoot lengths under flood irrigation,micro-sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation,small-pipe flow and non-irrigated were respectively up to 60.86 cm,48.25 cm,40.84 cm,41.65 cm and 31.81 cm;the maximum of yield per plant was appeared at flood irrigation treatment and the amount was 50.33 kg,there was no significant difference with small-pipe flow and drip irrigation,the maximum of sugar-acid ratio was appeared at small-pipe flow and the number was 44.28,significantly higher than under other treatments.The experiment demonstrated that small-pipe flow irrigation was a high-quality efficient irrigation pattern in gneiss mountainous orchards,which could maintain higher root activity,balance growth and keep higher yield and quality of fruit.