藏传佛教香巴噶举派综述

Review on Shangs-pa-bka’-brgyud-pa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism

香巴噶举派是藏传佛教教派之一,由凯珠·琼布乃觉创建。尼古玛、苏喀斯迪二人在该教派的形成过程中曾起过举足轻重的作用。该派因其根本道场雄雄寺在"香"地,其教法以口耳方式相传,故称香巴噶举派。在该派的发展早期,曾出现过"七宝法统"的传承;其后,分裂成以香敦大师修建的甲寺、凯尊·循努珠修建的桑顶寺为标志的甲巴、桑顶两大世系。再之后,该教派又出现了以汤东杰布和觉囊.多罗那他为代表的两个较为重要的世系。香巴噶举派由于其始终未能掌握地方政权,也未能与地方势力之间建立适当的关系,其在发展过程中又不断衍生出诸多支系,再加之自身组织涣散,没有形成一套系统、实用的传承体系,因此,随着岁月的流逝,香巴噶举派走向了没落。

The Shangs- pabka＇-brgyud- pa lineage was one of Tibetan Buddhist sects which was founded by Khedrup Khyungpo Naljor. Niguma and Sukha Siddhi have played an important role in its forming process. The name Shangs- pa- bka＇-brgyud was because of the Gzhang- gzhong monastery established in the Shang valley and its oral lineage transmissions. It was known as the transmission of the seven precious Shangpa. The Shangs pa has passed on through four main streams： （1） the Bsam sdings lineage, （2） the Jag pa lineage, （3） the Thang lineage, and （4） the Jo nang lineage. During its developing process, Tang Tong Gyalpo and Jo nang Taranotha became very famous and representative figures. Because it had failed to control the local government or to establish an appropriate relationship with local forces, finally the Shangs pa went to the decline.