从外服制看商代四土的藩属体制与主权形态

Vassal Systems and Sovereign Station of Shang Dynasty from the Point of Wai Fu Institution(外服制)

商代外服制是一种藩属体制,类似汉唐时期以原始性和松散性为特征的间接管理和统治的羁縻制。在外服制的藩属体制下,商朝四土的政治疆域极其模糊。伴随着商朝国力的盛衰和对四土政治、军事经营的推进与收缩,商朝疆域经常处于变动之中。在殷商相当漫长的历史时期里,商王朝在四土之境能够直接或间接行使的主权颇为有限。直至晚商时期,商朝对四土诸侯的控制方逐渐加强,商朝方逐步成为真正意义上拥有一定领土主权的早期国家。

Wai Fu institution(外服制),as a sort of vassal system,was similar in the characters of indirect administrative and Jimi(羁縻)policy during Han and Tang dynasty.As a result,the territory of Shang government was indefinite.Therefore,the regime(governing) of Shang government on the vassal areas was weak.Until the late times,Shang government made the control on these areas stronger and became a real sovereign country