对虾池混养滤食性动物对浮游生物的影响

The Impact of the Polycultured Filter Feeding Animals with Peneid Shrimp on Plankton Community

于１９９７年５～８月在山东海阳养虾场运用陆基围隔实验生态学方法，研究了罗非鱼—对虾、海湾扇贝—对虾、缢蛏—对虾、罗非鱼—缢蛏—对虾４种混养系统中滤食性动物对浮游生物群落的影响。结果表明：滤食性动物的滤食作用降低了浮游植物生物量和甲藻在浮游植物中的比例；混养罗非鱼和扇贝使浮游植物群落的多样性增加，而混养缢蛏却使它下降；罗非鱼优先滤食大型桡足类，使小型浮游动物增加，从而提高了浮游动物的总生物量，而扇贝则优先滤食浮游动物的小型种类；由于罗非鱼和缢蛏生态灶的互补性，罗非鱼—缢蛏—对虾混养能更全面、有效地利用浮游生物资源。

This paper deals with the impact on plankton community of filter feeding animals: Taiwan red tilapia, bay scallop and constricted tagelus polycultured with peneid shrimp. The study was conducted in a shrimp farming pond from May to August, 1997 with the enclosure experimental method. The following results were obtained: (1) The filter feeding animals decreased the phytoplankton biomass, especially the biomass of the red tide causing form, Prorocentrum micanssom. (2) Tilapia and scallop increased the diversity index of phytoplankton communitites, but tagelus played a negative role. (3) Tilapia preferred larger copepods, so the biomass of smaller ones and hence the total zooplankton was increased. (4) Scallop depressed the biomass of copepods. Based on the above results, the authors are of the opinion that all the filter feeding animals studied are useful as a polyculture component in shrimp ponds for improveing the utilization rate of input feed and the water quality, but tilapia and tagelus polycultureed together with shrimp can use plankton resources more completely and effectively.