外来玉米种质的抗病和抗逆性选育

Breeding for Disease and Stress Resistance by use of Exotic Maize Germplasm

为改善国内玉米种质遗传基础狭窄、缺少优良抗性种质资源的状况,在500余份外引玉米材料中,鉴定筛选优良的抗病、抗逆基因,通过与国内骨干系杂交或组建抗病、抗逆群体,鉴别筛选含抗病、抗逆基因的材料回交纯合,再通过配合力测定,最终选育出新的优良自交系用于国内杂交种的选育,由此鉴定筛选出高抗锈病的材料25份、高抗大斑病10份、高抗穗腐病2份、高抗小斑病1份、高抗灰斑病2份、特早熟材料5份等,其中有现已标记定位出的不同抗大斑单基因的玉米材料8份,现已标记定位出的不同抗锈病基因的玉米材料25份,经进一步的遗传改良,获得超过35份抗病、抗逆自交系,利用新的抗逆自交系选育出特早熟玉米新品种植9831。

In order to improve the narrow germplasm base in Chinese germplasms and shortage of fine germplasm resources in maize breeding of China and breed out new self-bred lines with higher disease resistance and stress resistance. 500 maize germplasms were imported for broadening genetic diversity in maize breeding and improving the disaese and stress resistance. Their resistance for different diseases were evaluated in field trials. There were 25, 10, 2, 1, 2 germplasms showed high resistance to rust disease, Northern leaf blight, ear rot, Southern leaf blight and maize grey leaf spot respectively. Five germplasms with early maturity character were identified. 8 germplasms have been tagged with different resistant genes to Northern leaf blight and twenty-five germplasm been tagged with different resistant genes to rust diseas. 35 self-bred lines with disease and stress resistance were developed and a new cultivar Zhi 9831 with early maturity character was released by crossing with the Chinese main inbreds, disease and stress resistance evaluation and backcrossed.