铜尾矿库能源植物稳定化修复过程中定居植物多样性研究

Diversity of Settled Plants during Energy Crops Phytostabilization on Copper Mine Tailings Reservoir

2008年6月—2009年11月,通过样方法对安徽铜陵杨山冲尾矿库能源植物稳定化修复基地定居植物进行了野外实地调查,并对植物种类作了详细的记录与分析,同时还初步分析了基地尾砂理化特性、污染状况与定居植物多样性的关系。结果表明,尾砂经改良和人工引种4种禾本科能源植物后,自然定居的维管植物共有64种,分属25科59属。其中1年生或2年生草本植物占57.8%,其次是多年生草本植物,占37.5%。4个处理区的物种丰富度指数、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均表现为A(施加石灰区)<B(施加石灰和磷矿粉区)<C(对照区)<D(施加磷矿粉区),但均匀性指数恰与之相反。尾砂pH和有效态重金属含量可能是植物正常定居和分布的限制因子。

From June 2008 to November 2009, the settled plants at an energy crop phytostabilization site on Yangshanchong Copper Mine Tailing reservoir of Tongling Anhui province were surveyed and their species were carefully recorded. The relationships among the plant diversity, soil physicochemical properties and pollutants were analyzed. The results showed that after addition of amendments and introduction of 4 energy crops, 64 vascular plants naturally settled at the site, belonging to 25 families and 59 genera. Most settled plants were annual or biennial herbs, accounting for 57.8% of all settled plants, followed by perennial herbs, accounting for 37.5% of all settled plants. Species richness index, Simpson diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index in 4 treatments all followed the same order： A （lime） B （lime and phosphate rock） C （Control） D （phosphate rock）, while the evenness indexes were the opposite. Soil pH and available heavy metal content were likely to be the limiting factors for plants settlement and distribution.