中国对虾幼体发育阶段维生素A营养需要的研究

STUDY ON NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT OF VITAMIN A FOR PENAEUS CHINENSIS LARVA

1996年5月11日—6月13日在中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所麦岛实验基地采集中国对虾幼体，在其配合饵料中添加维生素地对其发育阶段维生素A的营养需要进行研究。结果表明，配合饵料中维生素A的含量为40．16－60．15μg／g时，对中国对虾幼体的变态、成活和健康有明显的促进作用。

Chinese shrimp (Penaeus chinensis) lareas were studied on their vitamin A nutritional requirement by adding vitamin A to their formulated diet, from 21, May to 13, July, 1996. They were fed with formulated diet composed of 40% fish meal, 20% casein,10% fish oil, 10% dextrin, 1% cholesterol, 5% attraction, 10% mineral mixture and 4% vitamin mixture, further, they were divided into four groups (A1 to A4) and fed with the formulated diet with viedn A added and a control grouP fed by biological dieL The experimental shrimp larvae were Put in 20 tanks (100L volume). During the experment, water temperature was 19.6-23.8℃, salinity was 3O, and pH was 7.9-8.1. The diets were fed 3 times and seawater was changed 1 / 3 tank every dny. The shrimp larvae were calculated and their metamorphosis situation was observed in every morming and afternoon. The survival rate, developing hme and metamorphosis rate were measared. The surival rate parting from water was measured. It was found that the survival rate of shrimp larvae which were fed with the diet suppemented vitamin A 0μg/g, 20μg /g, 40μg /g, 60μg/g and biological diet (control group) from nauplius Ⅱ to posharvaⅠ was 0.24%, 1.95%, 6.48%, 7.33% and 6.30%, respechvely. Th developing time from nauplius Ⅱ to posharva Ⅰ was 425h, 388h, 353h 345h and 346h, respechvely. The metamorphosis rate was 33.48%, 55.74%, 80.72%, 93.36% and 49.82%, respechvely. For the groups fed with the diet suPPlemented vitaInin A 40μg /g, 60μg/g and the control group, the survival rate parting from water 0.5h was 35%, 75% and 100%, respechvely; the survival rate parting from water 2h was 25%, 65% and 80%, respechvely, the swrival rate pAnng from water 3h was 15%, 50% and 65%, respechvely. The experiment demonsthetes that vitaInin A is an essenhal nutrient supplement in shrimp larvae development Vitamin A has a promoting effect on the survival, metamorphosis rate, growth healthy of shrimp larvae. The optimum content in the diet for Penaeus chinensis larvae was 40. 16-60. 15μg/g.