珠江三角洲都市圈旅游空间均衡发展

Spatial Tourism Equilibrium Development in the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Area

考察珠江三角洲都市圈旅游空间均衡发展状况并探讨其机制。计算各城市旅游发展区位商,显示区位商≥1的城市数目有增多趋势;其旅游收入和旅游人数占都市圈整体平均百分比有下降趋势,2000年为19.76%,2008年下降至12.83%。珠江三角洲都市圈旅游发展在空间上趋向均衡合理,旅游空间均衡发展在时间上呈增强趋势。运用系统聚类方法,选取2007年统计数据,考察珠江三角洲都市圈旅游发展空间结构现状,发现其内部城市可以划分三个等级,即广州和深圳属第一等级,第二等级包括珠海和东莞,佛山、惠州、江门、中山和肇庆属第三等级。最后借助空间相互作用理论,从互补性、可达性和替代性等方面探讨了珠江三角洲都市圈旅游空间均衡发展的机制。

Metropolitan area is one of the most important regions for tourism development; the study of metropolitan area tourism development is very significant. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial tourism equilibrium development of the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area since 1990 and explore its development mechanism. Using methods of location quotient with selecting five time sections, the result shows that： the number of cities with location quotient more than or equal to 1 is increasing. The average percentage of tourism revenue and tourist number of cities with location quotient more than or equal to 1 of the whole metropolitan area is 19.76% in 2000, and then decreases to 12.83% in 2008. It shows that the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area tourism development tends to be equilibrium; spatial tourism equilibrium development is strengthened over time, although there is difference between inbound tourism and domestic tourism, or between tourism revenue and tourist number. In fact, the tendency of the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area spatial tourism equilibrium development is a fluctuated process. Using methods of the hierarchical clustering and selecting related statistical data in 2007 to inspect situation of tourism spatial development, it is found that there are three levels of cities in the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area; Guangzhou and Shenzhen are at the first level, Zhuhai and Dongguan are at the second level and Foshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, Zhongshan and Zhaoqing are at the third level. Finally, by using the spatial interaction theory, this paper explores the mechanism of spatial tourism proportional development of the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area based on the principal of complementarity, accessibility and alternativity. The conditions of spatial interaction are improved, which strengthen the spatial tourism interaction of all cities in the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area and their relationship with tourism development. Although the spatial tourism equilibrium development of the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area depends on many internal and external environments, the strong spatial interaction influences the development of tourism destination and choices of tourists, and makes the tourism development throughout the Pearl River Delta metropolitan area to be equilibrium.