运城盆地地下水开发历史的回顾

Review on the History of Groundwater Development in Yuncheng Basin

运城盆地面积６１６０，是山西省麦棉基地、铝业基地、能源重化工基地。本区水资源十分匮乏，人均、亩均占有水资源量分别为３２０和１５６，仅为全国人均和亩均占有量的１３．８％和８．９％，特殊的地形地貌和复杂的水文地质条件，形成了十年九旱，水资源时空分布严重不均的显著特点。由于地表水稀少，加大了地下水开采强度，多数地区地下水位大幅度下降，以运城、永济为中心的漏斗范围不断扩大，地下水开采已超过其承载能力。笔者认为有必要对运城盆地地下水开发历史进行回顾，总结经验，吸收教训，使十分有限而又脆弱的地下水资源可持续开发利用。

The history of groundwater development in Yuncheng basin is reviewed,the present situation of groundwater development and overpumping is introduced,and the groundwater regime in funnel area which has expanded and is expanding increasingly,is also analysed in detail.The conclusion is that the serious shortage of water resources plus excessive overpumping of groundwater has restrained the development of local economy,therefore it became an urgent matter to divert water from the Yellow River as far as possible and to improve the water utilization rate of agriculture and industry.That the development of groundwater resources should comply with sustainable principle is emphasized.