2008年福建省部分机关、事业单位员工职业紧张及心理健康影响的探讨

Effect of Occupational Stress on Mental Health among Government and Institution Employees in Fujian Province,2008

[目的]探讨职业紧张对心理健康的影响及心理健康的影响因素。[方法]采用Mclean's工作紧张问卷和紧张反应量表对434名机关、事业单位人员进行问卷调查。[结果]职业紧张评分与A型行为总分,男性分别为30.35±4.21分、21.95±2.23分,女性分别为29.12±4.52分、20.98±2.08分(P<0.01);文化程度高者职业紧张因素总评分、工作压力、工作满意感评分(反向赋分)高于文化程度低者,应付能力总评分、了解自己、反应性评分低于文化程度低者(P<0.01或<0.05)。男性或女性,均随着职业紧张强度的增加应付能力、工作满意感减弱(P<0.01或<0.05),其中应付能力总评分与工作满意感评分,高度职业紧张组最高,男性与女性分别为55.73±4.97和58.00±2.89,33.96±4.82和35.17±2.69分;低度职业紧张组最低,男性与女性分别为46.08±7.31和44.88±7.35分,27.54±5.80和26.84±5.84分。逐步回归分析显示,兴趣、工作压力是心理卫生的主要预测因素,尊重别人、主动性和创造性、工作压力、与领导关系、总工龄、忍耐性进入了工作满意感的回归方程。[结论]随着职业紧张强度的增高,机关、事业单位职业人群的应付能力、工作满意感程度下降。影响心理健康的因素既有职业紧张因素,也有个体特征、应付能力、总工龄、性别等方面的因素。

[Objective]To explore the effect of occupational stress on mental health and the affecting factors. [Methods] A survey was conducted among 434 employees in government and institution agencies by Mclean＇s working stress questionnaire and stress response questionnaires. [Results]The scores of occupational stress in men（30.35±4.21）, type A behavior（21.95±2.23） were higher tb.an women（29.12±4.52,20.98±2.08） （ P〈0.01）. High education groups were higher than low education groups in the intensity of occupational stress, working pressure and job satisfaction, but lower in coping ability, self-understanding and response（ P 〈0.01 or P 〈0. 05）. In men or women, with the increase of occupational stress intensity, the coping ability,job satisfaction decreased （ P 〈0. 01 or P 〈0.05） ： the total scores of coping ability （55.7±34.97,58.00±2.89） ,job satisfaction （33.96±4.82,35.17±2.69） were highest in the high intensity of occupational stress group. The low intensity of occupational stress group was the lowest（men 46.08 ± 7.31,27.54 ± 5.80 ; women 44. 88±7.35,26.84±5.84）. Stepwise regression revealed that the multiple factors which affected the mental health were interest, working pressure were the major predicting factors of mental health. Respecting others, activity and creativity, working pressure, relationship with leaders, total working years, tolerance all entered into the regression formula of job satisfaction. [Conclusion]With the increase intensity of occupational stress, the working groups＇ coping ability,job satisfaction decreased. The multiple factors which affected mental health include not only occupational stress, but also personal characters, coping ability, total working years, gender and so on.