北京高空温度的统计特征

TEMPERATURE STATISTICS OF UPPER AIR IN BEIJING

对１９６１～１９９４年自地面至高空２０ｈＰａ的温度资料进行了统计分析，以了解北京高空气温的季节变化、垂直分布和长期变化趋势。研究发现：以１５０ｈＰａ层为界，其上部和下部的温度变化有着不同的气候特征，如在该层以下各层上的温度年较差为正值，而其上则为负值；近３０余年来，对流层下层温度显著增加，对流层上层和平流层的温度在降低。

By utilizing temperature data from the surface to the 20 hPa level for 1961～1994 , statistics was conducted in order to understanding an seasonal variation, a vertical profile and a long term trend. The results indicate that, the climatic features of up levels and down levels delimting with the 150 hPa levels are different, e.g.,the yearly range of temperature is positive, at down levels lower than the 150 hPa but negative at up levels higher than that. In last 30 years, the temperature in the lower troposphere increased significantly, oppositively, the temperature in both the higher troposphere and the stratosphere decreased. It leads the vertical lapse of temperature in the troposphere has enhanced.