杨柳田头菇交配型因子与菌丝生长速度关系

The Relationship between Mating Factors with Mycelial Growth Rate of Agrocybe salicacola (Bolbitiaceae)

以杨柳田头菇(Agrocybe salicacola)菌株711子实体为材料,经担孢子弹射,用稀释分离法获得224个单孢菌株,其中单核菌株210个,交配试验及单孢出菇证明其性遗传模式为四极异宗结合,4种交配型的比例为AxBx∶AxBy∶AyBx∶AyBy为47∶59∶53∶51。研究结果还表明,杨柳田头菇4种交配型的数量、比例与单孢萌发速度、生长速度相关,生长速度较慢的菌株基本上属于一种交配型,只有少数生长慢的菌株属于另外两种交配型。值得注意的是,尽管快(F)-慢(S)配对的异核体与快(F)-快(F)配对的异核体在YPD平板上生长速度无明显差别,但在聚丙烯栽培袋上F-S异核体的生长速度明显快于F-F异核体,这说明交配因子A和B与生长速度基因可能连锁,且存在重组现象,F-S交配的异核体在生长上有优势,可能是人工选择后交配因子亚基减少导致偏分离发生的原因。

Basidiospores of Agrocybe salicacola were collected from a mature fruiting body by ejection. 224 single-spore strains were isolated respectively by dilution separation method,210 were identified as monocaryons. The result of mating test suggested that the sex-inheritance of A.salicacola is tetrapolar heterothallism. Four different mating-type strains were acquired by mating test,and the ratio of AxBx：AxBy：AyBx：AyBy of monocaryotic strains was 47：59：53：51. The results showed that the number and distribution of its mating types was related with spore germination,growth rate of spore germination and mycelium growth. In four mating type strains,the growth rate of one mating type strains was more slow than other three,and only there were 3 and 5 slow-growing strains in other two mating type strains. Especially,although the growth rates between the Fast-Fast mating heterocaryotic strains and Fast-Slow mating heterocaryotic strains in YPD plate were primarily same,but the differences in cultivation bag were obvious. The growth rate genes may be linkaged with mating factors A and B. In breeding of mushroom,most scientists may select Fast-Slow mating heterocaryon,so distorted segregation of mating types may happen.