中国农田固碳减排发展现状及其战略对策

Current situation and countermeasures of China's C sequestration and mitigation

自20世纪80年代以来,农田固碳减排的动态变化日益成为全球的研究热点,它对于正确评价农业产业对全球气候变化的影响具有重要的理论意义。采取农业分区的方法,将我国划分为4个不同的农业区,并从区域植被覆盖、地理气候、品种、土壤性质、种植制度和施肥情况等方面,综合分析了各区域农田固碳减排的基本现状。通过对我国农田固碳减排的各个影响因素进行系统阐述,探明了耕作措施、水田种植面积、秸秆还田、施肥情况、轮作制度、土地利用方式和农田生态系统等是影响我国农田固碳减排的主要关键因素。同时,针对目前我国农田固碳减排的基本状况,提出了适合我国农田固碳减排的主要对策。文章认为,应从加强农田碳循环和土壤碳汇效应、合理调整农田土地利用结构、加强农田管理技术体系创新、加强农田生物固碳减排技术研究和注重降低农业生产温室气体的排放等方面开展系统研究,从而进一步增强农田的土壤固碳能力和减少温室气体的排放,达到我国农田固碳减排的最终目的。

The dynamic changes of C sequestration and mitigation,which has theoretical importance for evaluation the effects of agricultural industry on global climate change,is becoming a global focus promblem since 1980s.According to the method of agri-cultural division,four different agricultural regions were divided in China.Current situation of China＇s C sequestration and mitiga-tion were analyzed with vegetation cover,geological climate,variety,soil texture,cropping systems and fertilization practice in the paper.And the main influencing factors including different tillages,area of rice paddies,residue return,fertilization practice,manure use,crop rotations,soil management and farmland ecosystem were also illustrated.Meanwhile,the basic countermeasures of C se-questration and mitigation in China＇s farmland were proposed according to present basic situation of C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in farmland.The tagets for further enhancing the capacity of C sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions will be finnally reach by strengthening research on carbon cycle and carbon sink in rice paddy,rationalizing land use structure,innovating cropland management system,developing techniques of phytoplankton and reduce greenhouse gases emission in agricul-tural production.