关于莱布尼茨的一个误传与他对中国易图的解释和猜想

A Historical investigation into the Processes and the Controversies about the Priority of the invention of Integrated Circuit

许多年来，在我国流行这样一种误传：莱布尼茨是看到《周易》，受到八卦符号的启发才发明了二进制算术。本文根据历史文献说明莱氏早在１６７９年就已写出关于二进制算术的论文草稿，而在１７０３年看到宋代邵雍所制的“伏羲六十四卦方圆图”之后才立即修改和发表了他的二进制算术论文。本文进而对莱布尼茨关于伏羲已创建二进制算术的猜想作了分析，并根据历史事实和现代科学认识论述了莱布尼茨对中国易图符号所作解释的实际意义。

Developmental situation and level of integrated circuit have become the one of major measuresof the developments of computer and electronic science-technologies. During the 40th anniversaryof the invention of integrated circuit is coming, we are sure not only to remember and learn fromthe inventors' achievements and experiences, but also to wait for the time of clearing the misun-derstandings and controversies about the process, persons, and times of the invention of the inte-grated circuit. The paper attempt to eluciate and analyse the different versions and divergencieswhich existed for long according to many original materials and archives, especially the memoriesof the related scientists. Some new views will be concluded except some detailed eluciations on theinventive processes, they are as follows: G. W. A. Dummer, the English scientist, only suggested aprediction and early scheme of integrated circuit, the silicon stepping device of I . M. Ross and twoof his colleagues may be considered as the pioneer of its invention, J . Kilby was surely the first in-ventor and the inventive time was September 12, 1958. R. Noyce may be regarded as the sceondinventor and his contributions was made from anothr aspect of the structure of the early integratedcircuit. A brief biography of M. S. Tswett who was an outstanding Russian botanist is presented.And his invention of column absorption chromatography is described in the paper. An attempt hasbeen made to explain why Tswett ' s method did not get immediate acceptance by others.