抗肿瘤糖疫苗的研究进展

Recent progresses in carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines

肿瘤相关糖抗原(tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens,TACAs)是肿瘤表面重要的分子标记物,基于TACAs的肿瘤疫苗已成为肿瘤免疫治疗的热点。寻找合适的糖抗原与大分子载体连接,或者在免疫过程中添加免疫佐剂,是目前抗肿瘤糖疫苗设计的主要思路,如将TACAs与蛋白载体共价结合制备糖结合物疫苗,或与T细胞肽表位或免疫刺激表位连接制备多组分糖疫苗。从天然糖抗原疫苗,到半合成和全合成的糖抗原疫苗,抗肿瘤糖疫苗的发展十分迅速,并有一些疫苗进入了临床研究。近年来,联合应用TACAs类似物糖疫苗和肿瘤细胞糖质工程在肿瘤免疫治疗中也取得了可喜的结果,更多有效的TACAs相关肿瘤免疫策略也在积极研究中,相信在不久的将来会取得重大的突破。

Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens（TACAs）are important molecular markers on the tumor cell surface,and TACA-based tumor vaccines have become a focus of study in tumor immunotherapy.The main task for vaccine design is to search for suitable TACAs and link them to a proper carrier,or immunized with immune adjuvants,such as covalently coupling TACAs to protein carrier to form glycoconjugate vaccines,coupling TACAs to a T cell peptide epitope or an immunostimulant epitope to form multi-component glycoconjugate vaccines.Great progress has been made in carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines,from natural TACA-based anti-cancer vaccines to semi-synthetic and fully synthetic glycoconjugate anti-cancer vaccines,and some vaccines have entered clinical trials.Recently,combined application of unnatural TACA analogues and tumor cell glycoengineering has also shown promising results in tumor immunotheray,and more effective immunization strategies of TACAs are being developed,and further study is needed.