语言系统论的形成及流变

The Development and Evolvement of Linguistic System Theory

19世纪洪堡特在有机系统观基础上,对语言系统做了深入研究,但是没有形成完整的理论体系。半个多世纪以后,索绪尔建立了语言系统论,他建构的语言系统是静态的、封闭的,结构关系被描写为线性的,还带有明显的机械系统观痕迹。之后,语言系统理论随着西方科学不断发展,一般系统论的诞生使语言系统论日趋完善,语言系统被看作开放的、动态的,语言研究重心也从形式转移到语义。

Wilhelm Freiherr Von Humboldt began to research the linguistic systems in nineteen century based on the organic system views, but the integrative theory was not formed. Ferdiand de Saussure founded the linguistic system theory, but his theory was static and closed, the linguistic structure relation was described linear, evidently conveying mechanistic system views. The linguistic system theory has been developed and evolved with the development of science after that, especially with the foundation of general system theory. Linguistic system theory has been regarded as open and dynamic after the introduction of general system theory, and the emphasis on linguistic research has been transferred from formal to semantic.