江苏省部分地区出生缺陷病患相关因素的病例对照研究

Case control study on birth defect and related factors in some regions of Jiangsu Province

目的通过对江苏省部分地区出生缺陷与相关因素的调查研究,分析该地区发生出生缺陷的危险因素,为政府制定针对性的防治措施提供理论依据。方法设计统一的调查问卷,由经培训的调查人员对孕期情况及妊娠结局逐一调查,并以出生缺陷儿为病例组,正常儿童为对照组,应用Logistic回归分析方法,对出生缺陷的相关因素进行统计分析。结果单因素分析提示,拟孕妇女工作中经常接触有害物质;孕早期患病、服用/注射药物或接触化学物质均能增加患出生缺陷儿的风险性;夫妇患有先天性病史、孕妇怀过畸形儿或生育过先天性疾病儿均与生育出生缺陷儿关系显著。多因素分析显示,妇女工作中经常接触有毒害物质和曾经怀过畸形儿者是出生缺陷发生的危险因素,而每天坚持服用叶酸增补剂2个月以上可以降低出生缺陷发生的风险。结论加强优生优育知识的宣传力度,提高遗传性疾病的诊疗水平,改善孕前/孕期不良工作环境、注意孕早期用药安全,提倡适当服用叶酸增补剂等对于降低出生缺陷发生风险,提高出生人口素质尤为重要。

Objective：To study the factors of birth defect in some regions of Jiangsu Province so as to explore intervention strategy.Methods：Household survey was carried out by trained investigators using unified forms,and then logistic regression analysis were made on the related factors of birth defects.Results：The univariate regression analysis showed,exposure to harmful substances at work,disease,medicine or chemical substances during early pregnancy and history of congenital,deformed children history were significantly correlated with birth defects.The multiple regression analysis showed the significant risk factors for birth defect were exposure to harmful substances at work and deformed children history.Supplementation of oral folic acid for two months could reduce the incidences of birth defects.Conclusion：The government should pay attention to enhance prenatal and postnatal care knowledge,improve diagnosis of genetic diseases,improving poor working environment,and drug safety during early pregnancy,folic acid supplementation for reducing the risk of birth defects.