试论皇权与阁权的斗争——明亡原因新探

The Fight between Imperial Authority and Right of the Cabinet-New Discovery of the Extinction of Ming Dynasty

关于明朝灭亡的原因,有很多人从不同的角度做了详细的分析,多数人在论证明朝灭亡的原因的时候,都从党争、宦官专权或是政治腐败这几个方面着手的。但是,对于明朝的灭亡,其原因也不是单一的,是明末各种矛盾交织在一起,但是,在这些矛盾的背后,皇权与阁权的争斗是主导各种矛盾的内在动力。明朝是皇权专制的高峰时代,但是正是这个高峰时代,却造就了另一种局面,明朝中后期由于皇帝的怠政,给明朝造成了内阁独掌大权的局面,从此,也就开始了皇权和阁权的斗争。而这种政治的对立,不仅没有解决当时的社会问题,反而却推动了明朝的灭亡。

As for the extinction of Ming dynasty,there are many detailed analyses from different aspects.Many of them prove it from the following parts：the fight of parties,the dictatorship of the eunuch and the corruption of the polity.However,for the extinction of Ming dynasty,the reason is not single,is the mixing of different kinds of contradictions in the late of the Ming dynasty,among these contradictions,the fight between imperial authority and right of the cabinet is the inherent force of all the contradictions.Ming dynasty is the peak of the autocracy of imperial power,this very times brings up another different situation.Because the slack politics（political danger）of emperor in the late-mid-Ming dynasty,the cabinet controls all the power in that time.So,the fight between imperial authority and right of the cabinet begins.The political opposing not deals with the social problem at that time but also drives the extinction of Ming dynasty.