“同命不同价”与“同命同价”的法经济学视角分析

"The Same Value for the Life" or "The Different Value for the Life "——Analysis on the Case of Traffic Accidents in Terms of Law-economics

"同命不同价"与"同命同价"的赔偿标准引起了学术界的很大争论,文章以交通事故为例,首先从法学角度对二者的根源进行了探讨,通过引入卡拉布雷西事故责任模型,在不考虑责任问题和考虑责任问题情形下,对二者进行分类讨论,得出从整个社会的角度来考虑,"同命不同价"赔偿制度下社会的总成本小于"同命同价"下的社会总成本,通过现实的思考来支持"同命不同价"的命题,文章最后为进一步研究明确了方向。

＂The same value for the life＂ and ＂ the different value for the life ＂ have different criteria of compensation, which stimulates the severe debate between related researchers. This essay systematically analyzes this phenomenon with the case of traffic accidents. Firstly, the origin of these criteria is discussed in the light of law-economics. And then by using Guido Calabresi Accident Model, this essay explores the difference between the above criteria under two different circomstances i. e. with and without consideration of the issue of accident responsibility. At last, it demonstrates that in the angle of the whole society, the social total cost of ＂ the different value for the life ＂ is lower than that of ＂ the same value for the life ＂. Furthermore this essay also supports＂ the different value for the life ＂ with some practical evidence and refers to the limitations of this analysis to clarify the direction of further study.