鸡粪堆肥水溶性有机物转化特性研究

Study on characteristics of dissolved organic matter during composting of chicken manure

采用离子色谱和三维荧光光谱,分别对鸡粪堆肥不同阶段水溶性有机物(DOM)中典型小分子有机酸、磷酸和荧光有机物进行了研究。分析显示,所研究的7种酸(乙酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸及磷酸)中,苹果酸的含量最高(>1 000 mg/L),草酸的浓度最低(<3 mg/L),琥珀酸和柠檬酸未检测到。随着堆肥的进行,各种酸的含量先上升而后下降,堆肥结束降至最低;堆肥过程样品所有荧光峰强度之和与COD达到显著相关(R=0.917,P<0.05),类蛋白荧光峰强度与总荧光峰强度的比值不断降低,而类富里酸荧光峰强度与总荧光峰强度的比值不断上升。结果表明,堆肥过程小分子有机酸主要出现在堆肥中期;类蛋白荧光强度或类富里酸荧光强度与总荧光强度之比可以有效表征堆肥腐熟过程。

In this study,typical small-molecule organic acids,phosphoric acid,and fluorescence organic matter from chicken manure at different stages were studied by ion chromatography and three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence spectra,respectively.The results showed that,among the seven acids studied（acetic acid,succinic acid,malic acid,oxalic acid,citric acid,tartaric acid and phosphoric acid）,the content of malic acid was the highest（1 000 mg/L）,while that of oxalic acid the lowest（3 mg/L）,succinic and citric acid were not detected.During the composting process,there found a good correlation bewteen the sum of all fluorescence peak intensity and COD（R=0.917,P0.05）.The content of small molecule organic acids and phosphate acid increased at first,and then fall to a minimum value at the end.The ratio of the intensity of between the protein-like fluorescence and total fluorescence decreased,while that between the fulvic-like fluorescence and total fluorescence increased.The protein-like fluorescence disappeared at the end of secondary fermentation,while the fulvic-like fluorescence still existed,which suggested that the content of protein-like substances declined,whereas humus-like substances were on the increase.All results demonstrated that small molecule organic acids were mainly produced at the beginning of composting,while the ratio of the intensity between protein-like fluorescence or fulvic-like fluorescence and the total fluorescence can be effectively characterized maturity process during composting.